Pemerolehan Bahasa Anak Usia 2 Tahun

Nama                          : Falencia

Umur                          : 2 tahun 1 bulan

Anak ke                      : 3

Nama orang tua        :

                        Ayah   : Sugianto

                        Ibu      : Namiro

Pekerjaan orang tua :

                        Ayah   : Wiraswata

                        Ibu      : IRT

Pengasuh                    : Orang tua

Data :

1. [atu]                                                                                        ‘satu’
2. [wa]                                                                                         ‘dua’
3. [ita]                                                                                         ‘tiga’
4. [mpat]                                                                                     ‘empat’
5. [ima]                                                                                       ‘lima’
6. [nam]                                                                                      ‘enam’
7. [uduh]                                                                                     ‘tujuh’
8. [apan]                                                                                     ‘delapan’
9. [iyan]                                                                                      ‘sembilan’
10. [uyuh]                                                                                     ‘sepuluh’
11. [iyu]                                                                                        ‘biru’
12. [unin]                                                                                      ‘kuning’
13. [eyah]                                                                                      ‘meraah’
14. [ntih]                                                                                       ‘putih’
15. [ayi]                                                                                         ‘lari’
16. [nta?]                                      ‘mintak’                                  ‘minnta’
17. [iyup]                                      ‘selup’                                     ‘sendal’
18. [ambu]                                                                                    ‘jambu’
19. [ati]                                         ‘agi’                                         ‘lagi’
20. [andi]                                                                                      ‘mandi’
21. [andi]                                                                                      ‘andri’
22. [cidu]                                                                                      ‘sidu’
23. [bobo?]                                                                                   ‘tidur’
24. [es]                                                                                          ‘es’
25. [udah]                                                                                     ‘sudah’
26. [cia]                                                                                         ‘fia’
27. [ibu]                                                                                        ‘ibu’
28. [bapa?]                                                                                   ‘bapak’
29. [yo]                                                                                          ‘namiro’
30. [anto]                                                                                      ‘sugianto’
31. [ayon]                                                                                     ‘balon’
32. [cuk]                                                                                       ‘busuk’
33. [ndak]                                     ‘idak’                                      ‘tidak’
34. [mpah]                                                                                    ‘tumpah’
35. [bebin]                                                                                    ‘bibir’
36. [men]                                                                                      ‘permen’
37. [num]                                                                                      ‘minum’
38. [iyit]                                                                                        ‘duit’
39. [mam]                                                                                     ‘makan’
40. [cucu]                                                                                      ‘susu’
41. [obat]                                                                                      ‘obat’
42. [mpin]                                     ‘kuping’                                  ‘telinga’
43. [nenes]                                    ‘nyenyes’                                ‘cerewet’
44. [oya]                                                                                        ‘sekolah’
45. [ambutan]                                                                              ‘rambutan’
46. [ena]                                                                                        ‘pena’
47. [andin]                                                                                    ‘anjing’
48. [ayip]                                                                                      ‘huruf alif’
49. [ca]                                                                                          ‘huruf tsa’
50. [tek uyu]                                 ‘agek dulu’                             ‘nanti dulu’
51. [dak ayak]                              ‘dak galak’                             ‘tidak mau’
52. [bobo? uyu]                                                                            ‘tidur dulu’
53. [dik anis]                                                                                ‘adik nangis’
54. [dik andu]                                                                              ‘adik andu’
55. [yuk ndah]                                                                             ‘ayuk indah’
56. [buk, apo ?]                                                                            ‘nama ibu siapa’
57. [ni dik andu]                                                                          ‘ini adik andu’
58. [mam mo yok]                        ‘makan samo telok’               ‘makan lauk telur’
59. [buk, cia num cucu]                                                              ‘ibu, fia minum susu’
60. [buk, cia nak andi]                                                                ‘ibu, fia mau mandi’

Analisis :

1. Pemerolehan Fonologi

            Pada usia 2 tahun 1 bulan, Falencia, yang memiliki nama panggilan Fia, hampir menguasai semua vokal, kecuali [ ].

Contoh :

[a]          [andi]              ‘mandi’

[u]          [udah]             ‘sudah’

[o]          [obat]              ‘obat’

[i]           [ita]                 ‘tiga’

[e]           [men]              ‘permen’

[ ]           [mpat]             ‘empat’

            Berbeda halnya dengan konsonan, Falencia masih banyak yang belum dikuasainya.konssonan yang belum dapat dikuasainya itu, diantanya :

·  [k] yang terletak di awal suatu suku kata

 Misalnya : [unin]                    ‘kuning’

·  [p] yang terletak di awal sutu suku kata

        Misalnya : [ntih]                     ‘putih’

                          [ena]                     ‘pena’

·  [t] yang terletak di awal suatu suku kata

       Misalnya : [mpah]                   ‘tumpah’

Selain itu, untuk bunyi hambat velar [g], nasal velar [ng], frikatif : [f], [v], [z], dan [x], lateral [l], bunyi getar [r], bunyi [j], dan bunyi [ny], sama sekali belum pernah terdengar. Khusus untu frikatif [s], baru kedengaran bila berada di akhir kata. Oleh karena itu, muncul bunyi-bunyi seperti :

[cia]                    ‘fia’

[ita]                    ‘tiga’

[andin]               ‘anjing’

[anis]                  ‘nangis’

[cucu]                ‘susu’

[ayi]                   ‘lari’

[uyuh]                ‘sepuluh’

[iyu]                   ‘biru’

[atu]                   ‘satu’

[ayon]                ‘balon’

[nenes]               nyenyes           ‘cerewet’

2. Pemerolehan Morfosintaksis

            Pada masa penelitian, Falencia lebih banyak mengucapkan ujaran yang terdiri dari 1 kata dibandingkan ujaran yang terdiri  2 kata atau lebih. Bahkan, data yang didapat untuk ujaran ini masiha sangat sedikit, yaitu sebagai berikut :

[tek uyu]

[dak ayak]

[bobo? uyu]

[dik anis]

[dik andu]

[yuk ndah]

[buk, apo ?]

[mam mo yuk]

[ni dik andu]

[buk, cia num cucu]

[buk, cia nak andi]

Dari data di atas, sebenarya sudah dapat dilihat bahwa Falencia telah menguasai beberapa tindak ujaran :

·  Permintaan : [buk, cia nak andi]              ‘ibu, Fia mau mandi’

·  Penolakan : [dak ayak]                            ‘tidak mau’

·  Pertanyaan : [buk, apo ?]                         ‘nama ibu siapa ?’

·  Pronomina : [ni dik andu]                        ‘ini adik andu’

Sementara, kalau berdasarkan keterangan orang tuanya, untuk nominalisasi [yang], Falencia pernah mengucapkan : [yan ni], [yan tu], ketika dia menunjukkan sesuatu yang diinginkannya, misalnya ketika berbelanja. Untuk ujaran dalam bentuk afiks, memang belum pernah terdengar.